What is the ANA test done for & what does it mean if ANA test is positive?

Did your doctor order an ‘ANA test’? Has the test come positive? This report is bound to trigger fear and uncertainty. I am sure you want to know more about the ANA test. Let us have a look at the test in detail, get clarity & clear all the doubts.

What is the full form of ANA test?

ANA test stands for Antinuclear Antibody test.

What is ANA test done for?

The ANA (antinuclear antibody) test is a valuable tool used to assess for autoimmune diseases. It helps detect the presence of antibodies that target the body’s own cells. This test is ordered when a person exhibits symptoms suggestive of an autoimmune condition, such as fatigue, joint pain, rash, or fever.

What are autoimmune diseases?

Autoimmune diseases occur when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues, causing inflammation and damage. Normally, the immune system defends the body against harmful invaders like bacteria and viruses. However, in autoimmune diseases, the immune system can’t tell the difference between healthy cells and harmful substances. As a result, it produces autoantibodies that attack body’s own healthy tissues, leading to autoimmune diseases. There are more than 80 known autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, and celiac disease, among others.

How is the ANA test done?

The ANA test involves taking a small sample of blood from a vein in your arm. One need not be fasting for this test. The blood sample is then sent to a laboratory, where it is analyzed for the presence of antinuclear antibodies. The test typically involves a series of steps, including diluting the blood sample, incubating it with normal cells, and then examining it under a microscope to see if antibodies are binding to the nucleus. Results are usually reported as a titer (e.g., 1:40, 1:80) along with a pattern (e.g., homogeneous, speckled), which helps in the interpretation of the test.

Are there different types of ANA test?

ANA test is generally done by two methods- IFA (Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay) & EIA (Enzyme Immunoassay. IFA is considered the best method for ANA testing. EIA test is reported as a number (eg 2.3 with a normal cutoff below 1) while IFA is reported titer (e.g., 1:40, 1:80) along with a pattern (e.g., homogeneous, speckled). Always ensure that you get the test done by IFA method as it is more accurate. 

What is the normal range of ANA test?

The results of the ANA test are typically reported as a titer (e.g., 1:40, 1:80) along with a pattern (e.g., homogeneous, speckled). A titer of 1:100 or lower is generally considered negative, while higher titers (e.g., 1:160, 1:320 or greater) are considered positive. However, the interpretation of ANA test results is done by a rheumatologist in conjunction with a person’s symptoms and medical history, as well as additional testing if necessary.

What does it mean if the ANA test is positive?

A positive ANA test indicates the presence of antinuclear antibodies in the blood. While this result may sound alarming, it’s essential to understand that a positive ANA test alone does not necessarily diagnose a specific autoimmune disease. Please consult a rheumatologist if you have a positive ANA test for the definite diagnosis. 

Can a positive ANA test cause joint pain?

While a positive ANA test itself does not directly cause joint pain, it can be associated with autoimmune conditions that affect the joints, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or scleroderma. Joint pain experienced by individuals with a positive ANA test is typically due to the underlying autoimmune disease rather than the test result itself.

What diseases are positive for ANA?

Several autoimmune diseases can be associated with a positive ANA test, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjögren’s syndrome, scleroderma, mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) and undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD). However, it’s important to note that a positive ANA test can also be found in individuals without autoimmune diseases or in healthy individuals. Please consult a rheumatologist if you have a positive ANA test for the definite diagnosis. 

What is the cost of ANA test?

On an average, the cost of ANA test ranges from Rs.900 to Rs.1100 in various reputed laboratories.

Navigating a positive ANA test result can be overwhelming, but knowledge is power. By understanding the purpose of the ANA test, its implications, and the next steps in evaluation, you can approach this journey with confidence and clarity.

If you’ve received a positive ANA test result and are seeking further guidance and support, we’re here to help. Schedule a consultation with us (physical or video consultation) to discuss your concerns and develop a personalized plan to address your health needs with compassion and expertise. Your journey towards understanding and wellness begins today.

• Dr. Divya Lala,

    Consultant Rheumatologist,

    IC4 Arthritis Clinic,

    Kalyan/ Badlapur 

Disclaimer: Contents of this blog are for informational purpose only & is not a substitute for any medical consultation, diagnosis or treatment. Please see a rheumatologist for a definite diagnosis & treatment.